Wof Washa forest restoration programme

Restoring degraded forest through community-led restoration approaches

Erosion
Conservation areas
Ecosystems: Outdoor education
Education: Adult
Food: Production

Wof Washa forest restoration programme

Ethiopia
Erosion
Conservation areas
Ecosystems: Outdoor education
Education: Adult
Food: Production

Background

In 2022, Dr. Aklilu Negussie and the WeForest Ethiopia team designed the Wof Washa programme to restore ​​11,055 hectares of natural forest, degraded exclosures and backyard plantations near Ankober and Debre Sina urban areas through community engagement. ​A​bout 14% of the Wof-Washa Natural Forest ​(​also known as "Cave of Birds"​) had been lost​ in the previous two decades due to population pressure, deforestation, expanding agriculture, invasive species encroachment and fire, all of which led to accelerated soil erosion, watershed degradation and downstream flooding. Through a combination of methods spanning over 12 years, more than 1.8 million trees have been planted and monitored with corporate funding from WEX’s customers through WeForest and the ​​Sustainable Natural Re​s​our​c​es Management Association implemented together with local communities; government bodies (Amhara Bureau of Agriculture & Natural Resource Management, ​​Woreda Agriculture and Natural Resource Management Offices, Forest and Climate Change Commission, Amhara National Regional State, Environment, Forest and Wildlife Protection and Development Authority, Finance & Economic Development Bureaus, Kebelle administration); NGOs (REDD+ Ethiopia and SUNARMA); and research institutes (Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute, Amhara Region Agriculture Research Institution [ARARI], and ​​Debrebrihan University).

Approach

The Wof Washa forest was first classified based on density and species composition type, and divided into dense forest, open forest and degraded/bare land forest area to ​facilitate​ management and monitoring. Community forest management institutions were then established to ​coordinate​ engagement ​with local communities ​in restoration, including support for the development of bylaws and facilitating access to finance. Different community forest cooperatives were assigned to perform restoration and apply different management practices ​in their designated​ parts of the forest. For example, in the dense forest zone, Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) is a greater priority ​than tree planting​​,​ while in the degraded forest area tree planting is a key action​,​ ​requiring around​ ~500 ​new ​trees/hectare. These practices are combined with livelihood improvement actions such as the integration of agroforestry practices, backyard and value chain development among others. As of 2024, 188,594 tre​e​s (mainly native trees​)​ have been planted through community engagement. A general management plan is being developed together with the government to make the Wof Washa forest a national park, integrating ecotourism and a dedicated management team.

Social Impact

Downstream communities in cities like Dulecha and Gacheni have benefited from reduced soil erosion and flooding. Multipurpose native trees have also been planted​,​ leading to ​an ​increase ​in ​and diversification of income​s​ f​or​ local people. Employment ​opportunities have increased ​through participation in agroforestry and beekeeping activities, and local people make additional income from collection and selling of tree seedlings like acacia abyssinica, pinus, and juniperus procera for up to $4.10 per kilogram. Twelve forest developer community groups have been supported to develop bylaws that govern members​’​ engagement in planting and post-planting activities, including penalties in case of default. Children in local schools have been sensitized ​t​o environmental protection and ​the ​importance of ​the ​forestry sector through environmental school clubs​,​ visit​s​ to restored forests and participation in planting activit​ies​ in school compounds and restoration areas. Also, the Wof Washa restoration team is developing spring and other water points to provide clean water to about 8000 households in local communities. Nearly 500 subsistence ​​farmers have participated and benefited from seedlings used for restoration and forage, leading to enhanced productivity. Improved livestock management such as the use of improved breeds (hybrids/crossbreeds), fodder grass, shrub development and feed production practices have been promoted​ (e.g. ​​f​orage crop production in rotation, backyard production, intercropping and contour forage cropping​)​.

Environmental Impact

​​​Along with the 188,594 multipurpose trees that have been planted across 35.7 hectares, an additional 330 hectares of the Wof Washa forest is under restoration management​,​ and enrichment planting is underway. The forest stores an estimated 284.19 t/ha of carbon both above and below ground​,​ including soil organic carbon. Moisture conservation measures such as planting native grasses/legume species, ridge to valley check dams and contour trenches are implemented to help in restoration and ​​reducing erosion and vulnerability to draught.

Success Factors

The engagement of local communities and extensive stakeholders’ collaboration in holistic landscape restoration planning, implementation and governance is a key success factor for the Wof Washa programme. Also, the careful consideration of alternative livelihood options for local people greatly contributes to the success of the programme.

Evidence

Evolution

Challenges

The armed conflict between non-state armed groups and the government affects part of the programme area and impedes implementation and upscaling. Secondly, issues of access due to difficult terrain of Wof Washa forest, and the time required for local communities to trade off some forest use activities for sustainability challenges the restoration programme.

Last edited on:
May 22, 2025
Shared on:
May 22, 2025
Last Updated:
May 23, 2025

Discover more infrastructure initiatives

If you liked this initiative, you might also be interested in